Assessing and Exploiting Control Systems

This is not your traditional SCADA security course! How many courses send you home with your own PLC and a set of hardware/RF hacking tools?!? This course teaches hands-on penetration testing techniques used to test individual components of a control system, including embedded electronic field devices, network protocols, RF communications, and master servers. Skill learned apply directly to systems such as the Smart Grid, PLCs, RTUs, smart meters, building management, manufacturing, Home Area Networks (HAN), smart appliances, SCADA, substation automation, and synchrophasors. This course is structured around the formal penetration testing methodology created by UtiliSec for the United States Department of Energy. Using this methodology and SamuraiSTFU (Security Testing Framework for Utilities), an open source Linux distribution for pentesting energy sector systems and other critical infrastructure, we'll perform hands-‐on penetration testing tasks on user interfaces (on master servers and field device maintenance interfaces), control system protocols (modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-‐5-‐104), RF communications (433MHz, 869MHz, 915MHz), and embedded circuit attacks (memory dumping, bus snooping, JTAG, and firmware analysis). We’ll tie these techniques and exercises back to control system devices that can be tested using these techniques. The course exercises will be performed on a mixture of real world and simulated devices to give students the most realistic experience as possible in a portable classroom setting.

Advances in modern control systems such as the energy sector’s “Smart Grid” brings great benefits for asset owners/operators and customers alike, however these benefits come at a cost from a security perspective. With increased functionality and addition inter-‐system communication, modern control systems bring a greater risk of compromise that both asset owners/operators and customers must accept to realize the desired benefits. To minimize this risk, penetration testing in conjunction with other security assessment types must be performed to minimize vulnerabilities before attackers can exploit critical infrastructures that exist in all countries around the world.

Objectives

Attendees will be able to explain the steps and methodology used in performing penetration tests on

Industrial Control and Smart Grid systems.

Attendees will be able to use the free and open source tools in SamuraiSTFU to discover and identify

vulnerabilities in web applications.

Attendees will be able to exploit several hardware, network, user interface, and server-‐side

vulnerabilities

Course Content

Introduction to the NESCOR methodology for penetration testing

Preparing for a penetration test
Architecture reviews
Pentesting the master servers
Pentesting the user interfaces
Pentesting the network communications
Pentesting the embedded field devices
End-‐to-‐end assessment
Reporting

Introduction to SamuraiSTFU (Security Testing Framework for Utilities)

Setting up the virtual machine
Walk through the tools and functionality
Introduction to the student hardware kits

Performing traditional network pentests on control systems

Overview of a traditional network penetration test methodology
Dangers of port and vulnerability scanning
Strategies to perform port and vulnerability scanning

Types of ICS user interfaces

Traditional applications
Web applications
Terminal interfaces

Pentesting Different Communication Layers

Testing of communication mediums vs communication protocols
Where security defenses should be place …… and tested

Serial communications

RS-485 and RS-232
Modbus RTU
16-bit unsigned registers and single bit coils

Pentesting RF communications between master servers and field devices

Hands-on RF spectrum analysis and signal capture
Spread Spectrum types and strategies
Hands-on signal demodulation with GNU Radio
Hands-on network traffic extraction
Traffic transmission and exploitation

Pentesting TCP/IP based ICS protocols

Protocol capture and analysis
modbus, DNP3, IEC 61850, ICCP, ZigBee, C37.118, and C12.22
Dealing with unknown protocols
Hands-on entropy analysis of network payloads
Reverse engineering unknown protocols
Hands-on ICS protocol fuzzing

Pentesting technician interfaces on ICS field and floor devices

Functional analysis of field technician interfaces
Hands-on exercise capturing USB communications to tech interfaces
Hands-on exercise analyzing captured USB communications
Impersonating endpoints in field tech interface communications
Hands-on exercises fuzzing AMI Smart Meter c12.18 optical interfaces
Exploiting vulnerabilities found during analysis

Analyzing field and floor device firmware

Obtaining field and floor device firmware
Hands-on exercise disassembling firmware
Hands-on exercise analyzing disassembled firmware
Exploiting firmware flaws

Overview of pentesting field and floor device embedded circuits

Local attack through physically exposed devices
Expanding physical attacks to remote attacks
Cryptographic keys and firmware

Analysis of embedded electronics in ICS field and floor devices

Discussion of device disassembly
Component analysis on embedded circuits
Datasheet acquisition and analysis for target components

Dumping data at rest on embedded circuits

Using the Bus Pirate and other similar tools
Overview of I2C or two-wire serial protocol
Hands-on exercise dumping I2C EEPROMs
Overview of SPI serial protocol
Hands-on exercise dumping SPI EEPROMs
Overview of JTAG
Hands-on exercise interfacing with JTAG

Bus Snooping on embedded circuits

Overview of bus snooping
Hands-on exercise snooping busses

Analyzing data obtained from data dumping and bus snooping

Hands-on exercise doing string analysis of datasets
Hands-on exercise doing entropy analysis of datasets
Hands-on exercise doing systematic key searches through datasets
Hands-on exercise doing file carving from datasets

Requirements

Basic penetration testing experience is desirable, but not required. It is assumed that attendees will have no knowledge of ICS, Smart Grid, SCADA, or critical infrastructure. This course is designed for intermediate level security professionals, be they engineers, technicians, analysts, managers, or penetration testers.

Software and hardware requirements

Laptop with at least two USB ports (three ports preferred). If only two USB ports exist on the Laptop and they are right next to each other (such as found on a Macbook Air), a USB extension cable must be brought as well
Latest VMware Player, VMware Workstation, VWware Fusion installed. Other virtualization software such as Parallels or VirtualBox may work if the attendee is familiar with its functionality, however VMware Player should be prepared as a backup just in case
Access to an account with administrative permissions and the ability to disable all security software on their laptop such as Antivirus and/or firewalls if needed for the class
A DVD drive to copy the course files
At least thirty (30) GB of free hard drive space
At least four (4) GB of RAM, optimally eight (8) GB of RAM

Provided at the course

Latest version of SamuraiSTFU (Security Testing Framework for Utilities)
PDF version of the course slide deck
Student hardware/RF pentest kits to use in class and take home

Trainer Biography

Justin Searle, the author of the course, will replace Don C. Weber as trainer for this course.

Justin Searle is a Managing Partner of UtiliSec, specializing in Smart Grid security architecture design and penetration testing. Justin led the Smart Grid Security Architecture group in the creation of NIST Interagency Report 7628 and has played key roles in the Advanced Security Acceleration Project for the Smart Grid (ASAP-SG), National Electric Sector Cybersecurity Organization Resources (NESCOR), and Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP). Justin has taught courses in hacking techniques, forensics, networking, and intrusion detection for multiple universities, corporations, and security conferences.

Mr. Searle is currently a certified instructor for the SANS Institute. In addition to electric power industry conferences, Justin frequently presents at top international security conferences such as Black Hat, DEFCON, OWASP, Nullcon, and AusCERT. Justin co-leads prominent open source projects including the Samurai Web Testing Framework (SamuraiWTF), the Samurai Security Testing Framework for Utilities (SamuraiSTFU), Yokoso!, and Laudanum. Justin has an MBA in International Technology and is a CISSP and SANS GIAC certified Incident Handler (GCIH), Intrusion Analyst (GCIA), and Web Application Penetration Tester (GWAPT).

More information on his security blog.

@meeas
http://www.utilisec.com

Mon. 5 - 7 October 2015 (09:00 - 17:00)

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Training 2015 - Assessing and Exploiting Control Systems

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